Delay matching for clock distribution in a logic circuit

ABSTRACT

Techniques for compensating for propagation delay differences between signals distributed within a logic circuit. A delay matching circuit mimics the internal clock-to-Q delay produced by a flop. The delay matching circuit is placed in the propagation path of an original signal, such as a clock signal, to be redistributed. In general, the delay matching circuit may include a propagation gate multiplexer have a particular configuration. The delay matching circuit imposes a delay substantially equal to the clock-to-Q delay experienced by divided versions of the original signal. In this manner, the delay matching circuit ensures that the rising and falling edges of the original signal and the divided signal are in substantial alignment, enabling synchronous operation. Hence, the delay matching circuit is capable of synchronizing the redistributed and divided signals.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure relates to compensation for differences in propagationdelay among clock signals distributed within a logic circuit.

BACKGROUND

Many devices include synchronous clock dividers that serve to divide andredistribute a clock signal within a logic circuit. High speedtelecommunication devices, for example, make use of different clocksignals that are produced by dividing an original clock signal. Inparticular, clock divider circuits reduce the frequency of an originalclock signal. Ideally, the clock signals should be redistributedsynchronously throughout a logic circuit so that the rising and fallingedges of the original clock signal and the divided clock signals areperfectly aligned with one another.

Unfortunately, the divided clock signals are typically delayed withrespect to the original clock signal. In particular, the divided clocksignals are launched from flip-flops using the original clock signal.The flip-flops produce an internal delay from the clock input to the Qoutput, i.e., a “clock-to-Q” delay. The clock-to-Q delay causesdifferences in propagation delay between the original clock signal andthe divided clock signal. Propagation delay differences prevent propersynchronization of the divided clock signals and the redistributed clocksignal, undermining proper operation of the logic circuit.

SUMMARY

This disclosure is directed to techniques for compensating propagationdelay differences between clock signals distributed within a logiccircuit. In accordance with the disclosure, a delay matching circuitmimics an internal clock-to-Q delay produced by a flip-flop. The delaymatching circuit is placed in the propagation path of an original clocksignal to be redistributed.

In general, the delay matching circuit may include a propagation gatemultiplexer having a configuration selected to match current sinking andsourcing characteristics of a slave stage associated with the flip-flop.The delay matching circuit imposes a delay substantially equal to theclock-to-Q delay imposed upon divided versions of the original clocksignal.

In this manner, the delay matching circuit ensures that the rising edgesof the original signal and the divided signal are in substantialalignment, enabling synchronous operation. Hence, the delay matchingcircuit is capable of synchronizing the redistributed and dividedsignals very precisely.

The delay matching circuit may perform well over a range of processes,temperatures, voltages, frequencies and other operating conditions. Insome embodiments, the delay matching circuit may further include anasynchronous reset feature to permit the circuit to match bothsynchronous delay characteristics and asynchronous operation of aflip-flop.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a clock distribution circuit.The clock distribution circuit comprises a clock source to generate aclock signal, and a clock divider to divide the clock signal and producea divided clock signal. The clock divider includes a flip-flop thatintroduces a first propagation delay to the divided clock signal. Adelay matching circuit to distribute the clock signal introduces asecond propagation delay to the clock signal. The second propagationdelay substantially matches the first propagation delay introduced inthe divided clock signal by the flip-flop.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a delay matching circuit.The delay matching circuit comprises a multiplexer coupled to a clocksource, transmission gates within the multiplexer to substantially mimiccharacteristics of slave transmission gates in a flip-flop, inputscoupled to the multiplexer to substantially mimic characteristics of amaster output driver of the flip-flop, and an output coupled to themultiplexer to substantially mimic characteristics an output driver inthe flip-flop.

In an added embodiment, the disclosure provides a delay matching circuitcomprising a multiplexer having a first input coupled to drive a firsttransmission gate, a second input coupled to drive a second transmissiongate, a select input coupled to a, clock source to selectively enableone of the transmission gates, and an output coupled to the first andsecond transmission gates. The transmission gates are configured tocorrespond substantially to a slave transmission gate in a flip-flop. APMOS transistor has a drain coupled to the first input, a gate coupledto ground, and a source coupled to a supply voltage. The PMOS transistoris configured to correspond substantially to a PMOS transistor in amaster output driver of the flip-flop. An NMOS transistor has a draincoupled to the second input, a gate coupled to the supply voltage, and asource coupled to ground. The NMOS transistor is configured tocorrespond substantially to an NMOS transistor in the master outputdriver of the flip-flop. An inverter, coupled to the output of themultiplexer, is configured to correspond substantially to an outputdriver in the flip flop.

In a further embodiment, the disclosure provides a circuit comprising asignal source to generate a signal, a signal distribution circuit tomodify the signal and distribute a modified signal, wherein the signaldistribution circuit includes a flip-flop that introduces a firstpropagation delay in the modified signal, and a delay matching circuitto distribute the signal, wherein the delay matching circuit introducesa second propagation delay to the signal, the second propagation delaysubstantially matching the first propagation delay introduced in themodified signal by the flip-flop.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a method comprisingdividing a clock signal with a flip-flop to produce a divided clocksignal, wherein the flip-flop introduces a first propagation delay tothe divided clock signal, and introducing a second propagation delay tothe clock signal with a delay matching circuit. The second propagationdelay substantially matches the first propagation delay introduced inthe divided clock signal by the flip-flop. The delay matching circuitsubstantially mimics delay characteristics of the flip-flop.

The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanyingdrawings and the description below. Other features, objects, andadvantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and fromthe claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a signal distribution circuit.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the circuit of FIG. 1 in greaterdetail.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating a master driver stage of aflip-flop.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a slave stage of a flip-flop.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a delay matching circuit foruse in the distribution circuit of FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 6 is a timing diagram illustrating propagation delay differencesamong clock and divided clock signals, and delay-matched clock signals.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a master driver stage of aflip-flop with asynchronous reset capabilities.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram illustrating a delay matching circuit withasynchronous reset capabilities.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a signal distribution circuit 10.In the example of FIG. 1, circuit 10 receives a clock signal CLK from aclock source 11, and distributes the clock signal and divided versionsof the clock signal within a logic circuit. The clock signal CLK may be,for example, a system clock or the output of a voltage controlledoscillator (VCO) in a phase-locked loop (PLL).

A clock divider 12 divides the CLK signal into a lower frequency clocksignal. CLK/N and introduces a propagation delay d, e.g., a clock-to-Qdelay. The resultant divided clock signal is CLK/N+d. As will bedescribed, clock divider circuit 12 may include a flip-flop thatintroduces a clock-to-Q delay in the divided clock signal CLK/N+d.

A delay matching circuit 14 resides within a redistribution path for theoriginal clock signal CLK. The original clock signal CLK isredistributed across a larger logic circuit, along with the dividedclock signal CLK/N+d. The clock-to-Q delay introduced by clock divider12 causes propagation delay differences between the divided clock signalCLK/N+d and the original clock signal CLK. As a result, there may be aloss of synchronization between the divided clock signal CLK/N+d and theoriginal, redistributed clock signal CLK.

Delay matching circuit 14 compensates the original clock signal CLK forthe clock-to-Q delay introduced into the divided clock signal CLK/N+d.In particular, delay matching circuit 14 introduces a propagation delayd′ to the clock signal CLK. The propagation delay d′ substantiallymatches the propagation delay d introduced in the divided clock signalCLK/N+d by the flip-flop.

The resultant redistributed clock signal is CLK+d′, which introduces adelay to substantially match the divided clock signal CLK/N+d, andthereby ensures proper synchronization. In some embodiments, delaymatching circuit 14 also may be configured to not only match thesynchronous clock-to-Q delay of clock divider 12, but also provide anasynchronous reset feature.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating circuit 10 of FIG. 1 in greaterdetail. In particular, FIG. 2 depicts clock distribution circuit 10 andclock divider 12 in conjunction with a D flip-flop 16 having a datainput (D), a clock input (C), a data output (Q) and an inverted dataoutput ({overscore (Q)}).

In FIG. 2, for purposes of illustration, the inverted data output({overscore (Q)}) is coupled to the data input to produce a divide-by-2clock divider. However, clock divider 12 may take the form of anydivide-by-N circuit, and may divide the original clock signal CLK byfactors of 2, 4, 6, and so forth, to produce a clock signal with anyfrequency that originates from a flip-flop. As will be described, delaymatching circuit 14 is configured to mimic the delay characteristics offlip-flop 16. In particular, delay matching circuit 14 includes circuitcomponents designed to mimic components within flip-flop 16.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating a master driver stage 18 of aflip-flop 16. As shown in FIG. 3, master driver stage 18 includes afirst master transmission gate 19, a second master transmission gate 20,an output inverter 22 and a feedback inverter 23. The data input (D) offlip-flop 16 drives first master transmission gate 19 with an input datasignal, e.g., an original clock signal.

The outputs of first and second master transmission gates 19, 20 arecoupled together to drive output inverter 22. Each transmission gate 19,20 receives clock (CLK) and inverted clock ({overscore (CLK)}) signals.Output inverter 22 produces an output data signal D′, which istransmitted to a slave stage of flip-flop 16. Feedback inverter 23,coupled to the output of output inverter 22, drives the input of secondmaster transmission gate 20.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a slave stage 24 of flip-flop16. As shown in FIG. 4, slave stage 24 includes, in effect, amultiplexer section 26, which incorporates a first slave transmissiongate 28 and a second slave transmission gate 30. Output inverter 22 ofmaster driver stage 18 drives first slave transmission gate 28 with thedata output D′. Each slave transmission gate 28, 30 in slave stage 24receives clock (CLK) and inverted clock (CLK) signals. First slavetransmission gate 28 drives output inverter 34, which produces a dataoutput signal (Q). A feedback inverter 36 drives second slavetransmission gate 30.

Slave transmission gates 28, 30 are characterized by intrinsic currentsinking and sourcing capabilities that result in the introduction of adelay d to divided clock signals launched from flip-flop 16. Theresulting delay creates a difference in the timing of the original clocksignal and the divided clock signal. This difference underminessynchronization of the divided clock signal and the redistributedoriginal clock signal, and requires compensation.

Ideally, the original clock signal should be redistributed synchronouslyso that the rising and falling edges of the original clock signal andthe divided clock signals are perfectly aligned. In addition, it isgenerally desirable to maintain the timing of the original clock signaland the divided clock signal over a range of processes, temperatures,voltages, frequencies and other operating conditions.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a delay matching circuit 14 foruse in the distribution circuit 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2. In general, delaymatching circuit 14 mimics the functionality and timing of slave stage24 of FIG. 4. If transistors within delay matching circuit 14 arematched with corresponding transistors in slave stage 24, in terms ofmaterials, size, and other characteristics, the timing of delay matchingcircuit 14 will parallel that of flip-flop 16. In addition, becausesimilar materials and sizes are used, the performance of delay matchingcircuit 14 will be generally unaffected by changes in processes,temperatures, voltages, frequencies and other operating or manufacturingconditions.

As shown in FIG. 5, delay matching circuit 14 includes a multiplexer 38.Multiplexer 38 includes a first input 39 coupled to drive a firsttransmission gate 40, and a second input 41 coupled to drive a secondtransmission gate 42. Multiplexer 38 includes a select input 43 that iscoupled to the clock source to selectively enable one of thetransmission gates 40, 42 with an inverted clock signal ({overscore(CLK)}). The inverted clock signal ({overscore (CLK)}) is coupled incommon to both transmission gates 40, 42. Multiplexer 38 has an outputcoupled to outputs of first and second transmission gates 40, 42.

Transmission gates 40, 42 are configured to correspond substantially toslave transmission gate 28. In particular, transmission gates 40, 42 arematched to slave transmission gate 28 of flip-flop 16 in terms ofcurrent sourcing and sinking capabilities. New data is launched at therising edge of the clock signal CLK through slave transmission gate 28in flip-flop 16. As will be described, input transistors 44, 46 arematched to inverter 22.

The data path through flip-flop 16 includes inverter 22, transmissiongate 28, and inverter 34. The current sinking and sourcing power of thisdata path is replicated twice within delay matching circuit 14 of FIG.5, once for first input 39 and once for second input 41. During a risingedge of the clock signal CLK, transmission gate 28 of flip-flop 16 opensand transmission gate 30 closes, which is analogous to the operation ofmultiplexer 38 at every clock transition. Transmission gate 30 inflip-flop 16 is typically much smaller than transmission gate 28.Consequently, each transmission gate 40, 42 is matched to thecharacteristics of transmission gate 28 in flip-flop 16 in terms ofcurrent sourcing and sinking capabilities.

With further reference to FIG. 5, a PMOS transistor 44 has a draincoupled to first input 39 of multiplexer 38, a gate coupled to ground,and a source coupled to a supply voltage Vcc. PMOS transistor 44 isconfigured to correspond substantially to a PMOS transistor in a masteroutput driver, e.g., output inverter 22, in master stage 18 of flip-flop16. In particular, PMOS transistor 44 offers substantially the samecurrent sinking and current sourcing ability as the corresponding PMOStransistor in the flip-flop.

An NMOS transistor 46 has a drain coupled to second input 41 ofmultiplexer 38, a gate coupled to the supply voltage Vcc, and a sourcecoupled to ground. NMOS transistor 46 is configured to correspondsubstantially to an NMOS transistor in a master output driver, e.g.,output inverter 22, in master stage 18 of flip-flop 16. In particular,NMOS transistor 46 offers substantially the same current sinking andcurrent sourcing ability as the corresponding NMOS transistor in theflip-flop.

An inverter 48 is coupled to the output 47 of multiplexer 38, and isconfigured to correspond substantially to an output driver of flip flop16, e.g., output inverter 34. In particular, output inverter 48 isselected to provide substantially the same output current drive abilityas output inverter 34 of the flip-flop.

In general, delay matching circuit 14 is designed to mimic the behaviorand, particularly, the clock-to-Q propagation delay characteristics ofthe flip-flop 16 used to launch the divided clock signal CLK/N+d. Delaymatching circuit 14 “mimics” the behavior of flip-flop 16 in the sensethat it includes a number of components designed to substantially mimiccharacteristics of corresponding components in flip-flop 16. Forexample, as mentioned above, transmission gates 40, 42 are substantiallymatched to slave transmission gate 28. Transmission gates 40, 42substantially mimic characteristics of slave transmission gates 28 inflip-flop 16. In particular, transmission gates 40, 42 are selected toswitch as quickly as slave transmission gate 28, and to impede thesinking and sourcing of current in a manner similar to the slavetransmission gate 28.

In addition, transistors 44, 46 are substantially matched to inverter 22of flip-flop 16, and output inverter 48 is substantially matched tooutput inverter 34 of the flip-flop. The data path through flip-flop 16generally includes inverter 22, transmission gate 28 and inverter 34.Again, the current sinking and sourcing characteristic of this, datapath is replicated twice in the exemplary delay matching circuit 14 ofFIG. 5, once for the first input of multiplexer 38 and once for thesecond input of multiplexer 38. Thus, an analogy can be made betweenmultiplexer 38 of delay matching circuit 14, and multiplexer 26 offlip-flop 16. In particular, during a rising edge of clock signal CLK,transmission gate 28 opens and transmission gate 30 closes, which isanalogous to the dynamics within multiplexer 38 at every clocktransition.

Similarly, input transistors 44, 46 form multiplexer inputs thatsubstantially mimic characteristics of master output driver stage 18 offlip-flop 16. In addition, inverter 48 forms a multiplexer output thatsubstantially mimics characteristics of an output driver, such asinverter 34, in flip flop 16. Hence, delay matching circuit 14substantially mimics current sinking and current sourcingcharacteristics of the flip-flop 16, and output drive characteristics ofthe flip-flop.

To effectively mimic corresponding components in flip-flop 16,components within delay matching circuit 14 are selected and sizedappropriately. For example, transmission gates 40, 42 may besubstantially identical in materials and size to transmission gate 28 ofslave stage 24 of flip-flop 16. In terms of size, transmission gates 40,42 may have electrode areas and gate width to gate length ratios thatmatch those of transmission gates 28, 30.

Input transistors 44, 46 in delay matching circuit 14 may be formed fromselected materials and sized so as to replicate drive transistors withinmaster driver stage 18. Similarly, output inverter 48 may replicate thematerials and size of corresponding output driver circuitry in flip flop16. The similar sizes and materials selected for the various componentsof delay matching circuit 14 serve to approximate the current sinkingand source capabilities, and hence the propagation delaycharacteristics, of flip-flop 16.

In the example of FIG. 5, delay matching circuit 14 is designed to mimicthe delay characteristics of a divide-by-2 clock divider circuit, butprovides divide-by-1 functionality to preserve the frequency of theoriginal clock signal for redistribution. The circuitry of delaymatching circuit 14 may be scaled up to match the delays produced bydivide-by-4, divide-by-6, divide-by-8, or other divider ratios, as longas the output of clock divider 12 is launched synchronously by a flop inresponse to input clock signal CLK.

For example, to the extent clock divider circuitry incorporatesadditional flip-flops to implement additional factors of division, delaymatching circuit 14 may incorporate additional mimic stages similar tothose shown in FIG. 5, e.g., for a clock distribution scheme that makesuse of cascading dividers in which one previously divided clock with oneclock-to-Q delay is used to generate other divided clocks withadditional clock-to-Q delays from CLK. In such a case, additional mimicstages can be provided in series.

In other non-cascaded cases, however, the number of flip-flops in aclock divider does not determine the output delay versus the originalclock signal CLK. The CLK-to-output of clock divider 12 is determined bythe flip-flop that drives the output. If that flip-flop is being fed theclock signal CLK, then, the output will be CLK/N+d. If the clock feedingthe output flop is CLK+d′, then the output will be CLK/N+d+d′. As longas d′ is an integer factor of d, delay mimic stages can be cascaded tomake all of the outputs synchronous.

FIG. 6 is a timing diagram illustrating propagation delay differencesamong original clock, divided clock, and delay matched clock signals. Asshown in FIG. 6, a delay d (50) exists between the original clock signalCLK and the divided clock signal CLK/2+d. This delay results from theclock-to-Q delay within flip-flop 16, and impairs the ability tosynchronize the divided clock signal with the redistributed clocksignal.

Delay matching circuit 14 compensates the original clock signal forredistribution, however, by adding the delay d. As a result, theredistributed clock signal CLK+d is synchronized with divided clocksignal CLK/2+d. In particular, the falling edges 52 and rising edges 53of the divided clock signal and the redistributed clock signal aresubstantially aligned with one another, permitting propersynchronization.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a master driver stage 54 of aflip-flop with asynchronous reset capabilities. In the example of FIG.7, the flip-flop may generally conform to flip-flop 16 depicted in FIGS.2-5. For example, a multiplexer section 56 includes a first transmissiongate 58 and a second transmission gate 60.

Each transmission gate 58, 60 receives clock (CLK) and inverted clock({overscore (CLK)}) signals. Data input D drives first transmission gate58. An output NAND gate 64 drives an intermediate data output D′.Feedback inverter 66 is coupled between intermediate data output D′ andsecond transmission gate 60 to drive the second transmission gate.

The outputs of first and second master transmission gates 58, 60 arecoupled together to drive output NAND gate 64. Output NAND gate 64produces an intermediate data output D′, which is transmitted to a slavestage of flip-flop 16. Notably, output NAND gate 64 has one inputcoupled to the outputs of transmission gates 58, 60, and another inputcoupled to an asynchronous reset line. When the reset line is asserted,intermediate data output D′ is reset.

Hence, in addition to the synchronous clock-to-Q delay produced by theflip-flop, NAND gate 64 introduces an asynchronous timing considerationthat can alter the synchronization between a divided clock signal and aredistributed clock signal. In particular, multiplexer 56, incombination with NAND gate 64 and the reset line, form an active lowlatch for asynchronous operation.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram illustrating a delay matching circuit 68with asynchronous reset capabilities. Delay matching circuit 68 mimicsthe timing of a flip-flop with an asynchronous reset, as illustrated inFIG. 7. In addition to matching the synchronous clock-to-Q delay, delaymatching circuit 68 also mimics the asynchronous reset functionality ofthe flip-flop. In particular, when the reset line of the flip-flop isasserted, the output of delay matching circuit 68 is also driven to thereset value. Once the reset is deasserted, the output of delay matchingcircuit 68 remains at the reset value until a rising clock edgetransition forces the output to change.

As shown in FIG. 8, delay matching circuit 68 includes a multiplexersection 70 incorporating a first transmission gate 72 and a secondtransmission gate 74. Multiplexer 68 has an output 75 coupled to outputsof first and second transmission gates 72, 74. The output 75 oftransmission gates 70, 72 drives an output inverter 76 to produce theredistributed clock signal. Multiplexer 70 includes a select input 78that is coupled to the clock source to selectively enable one of thetransmission gates 72, 74. The inverse clock signal (CLK) is coupled incommon to both transmission gates 72, 74 via an input 80.

An input NAND gate 82 drives transmission gate 72. An active low latch84 is coupled to drive transmission gate 74. Active low latch 84 issubstantially identical to master driver 54 of FIG. 7. NAND gate 82 isincorporated in the input to first transmission gate 72 to provide thecorrect drive because the output driver of the master latch is a NANDgate 64. NAND gate 82 is tied low so that the output is always high.Only the active low latch 84 needs to be reset, since the output isusually 0 and needs to be driven to 1 when the reset is asserted. Ineffect, NAND gate 82 is used to match the latch used in the flip-flop.Consequently, delay matching circuit 68 produces substantially the samedelay and timing as a flip-flop that resets to a 0 state.

Example hardware implementations for the functional components describedherein may include integrated and discrete logic circuitry that make useof flip-flops for clock divisions and clock redistribution. Delaymatching circuitry as described herein may be useful in a variety ofdevices, including high speed logic circuitry, telecommunicationdevices, wireless telecommunication devices, and other circuitryrequiring precise clock synchronization.

Various embodiments have been described. Numerous other modificationsmay be made without departing from the spirit and scope of thisdisclosure. For example, although synchronous and asynchronous resettopologies have been described in this disclosure for purposes ofillustration, the principles disclosed herein may be readily applicableto other logic circuit topologies such as asynchronous set, enable, andsynchronous set/reset. Accordingly, these and other embodiments arewithin the scope of the following claims.

1. A clock distribution circuit comprising: a clock source to generate aclock signal; a clock divider to divide the clock signal and produce adivided clock signal, and including a flip-flop that introduces aclock-to-Q propagation delay to the divided clock signal; and a delaymatching circuit to distribute the clock signal, and to introduce asecond propagation delay to the clock signal, the second propagationdelay substantially matching the clock-to-Q propagation delay introducedin the divided clock signal by the flip-flop.
 2. A clock distributioncircuit comprising a clock source to generate a clock signal, a clockdivider to divide the clock signal and produce a divided clock signal,and including a flip-flop that introduces a first propagation delay tothe divided clock signal; and a delay matching circuit to distribute theclock signal, and to introduce a second propagation delay to the clocksignal, the second propagation delay substantially matching the firstpropagation delay introduced in the divided clock signal by theflip-flop, wherein the delay matching circuit includes: a multiplexerhaving a select line coupled to a clock source; transmission gateswithin the multiplexer to substantially mimic characteristic of a slavetransmission gate in the flip-flop; inputs coupled to the multiplexer tosubstantially mimic characteristics of a master output driver of theflip-flop; and an output coupled to the multiplexer to substantiallymimic characteristics of an output driver in the flip flop.
 3. Thecircuit of claim 1, wherein the delay matching circuit substantiallymimics current sinking and current sourcing characteristics of theflip-flop.
 4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the delay matching circuitsubstantially mimics output drive characteristics of the flip-flop. 5.(Canceled).
 6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the delay matchingcircuit includes a multiplexer, the multiplexer including a select linecoupled to the clock source.
 7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein thedelay matching circuit includes a multiplexer having a first inputcoupled to drive a first transmission gate, a second input coupled todrive a second transmission gate, a select input coupled to the clocksource to selectively enable one of the transmission gates, and anoutput coupled to the first and second transmission gates, wherein thetransmission gates are configured to correspond substantially to a slavetransmission gate in the flip-flop.
 8. The circuit of claim 7, whereinthe transmission gates are configured to correspond substantially insize to the slave transmission gate in the flip-flop.
 9. A clockdistribution circuit comprising: a clock source to generate a clocksignal a clock divider to divide the clock signal and produce a dividedclock signal, and including a flip-flop that introduces a firstpropagation delay to the divided clock signal; and a delay matchingcircuit to distribute the clock signal, and to introduce a secondpropagation delay to the clock signal, the second propagation delaysubstantially matching the first propagation delay introduced in thedivided clock signal be the flip-flop, wherein the delay matchingcircuit includes: a multiplexer having a first input coupled to drive afirst transmission gate, a second input coupled to drive a secondtransmission gate, a select input coupled to the clock source toselectively enable one of the transmission gates, and an output coupledto the first and second transmission gates, wherein the transmissiongates are configured to correspond substantially to a slave transmissiongate in the flip-flop: a PMOS transistor having a drain coupled to thefirst input, a gate coupled to ground, and a source coupled to a supplyvoltage, wherein the PMOS transistor is configured to correspondsubstantially to a PMOS transistor in a master output driver of theflip-flop; and an NMOS transistor having a drain coupled to the secondinput, a gate coupled to the supply voltage, and a source coupled toground, wherein the NMOS transistor is configured to correspondsubstantially to an NMOS transistor in the master output driver of theflip-flop.
 10. The circuit of claim 9, wherein the PMOS transistor isconfigured to correspond substantially in size to the PMOS transistor inthe master output driver of the flip-flop, and the NMOS transistor isconfigured to correspond substantially in size to the NMOS transistor inthe master output driver of the flip-flop.
 11. The circuit of claim 7,wherein the delay matching circuit includes an inverter coupled to theoutput of the multiplexer, wherein the inverter is configured tocorrespond substantially to an output driver in the flip flop.
 12. Thecircuit of claim 1, wherein the delay matching circuit includes: meansfor mimicking characteristics of slave transmission gates in theflip-flop; means for mimicking characteristics of transistors in amaster output driver of the flip-flop; and means for mimiccharacteristics of an output driver in the flip-flop.
 13. The circuit ofclaim 1, wherein the clock divider includes a first asynchronous resetfeature, and the delay matching circuit includes a second asynchronousreset feature that mimics operation of the first asynchronous resetfeature.
 14. A delay matching circuit for matching a propagation delayintroduced to a divided clock signal by a flip-flop in a clock divider,the delay matching circuit comprising: a multiplexer coupled to a clocksource generating an undivided clock signal; transmission gates withinthe multiplexer to substantially mimic characteristics of a slavetransmission gate in the flip-flop in the clock divider; inputs coupledto the multiplexer to substantially mimic characteristics of a masteroutput driver of the flip-hop; and an output coupled to the multiplexerto substantially mimic characteristics of an output driver in the flipflop.
 15. The circuit of claim 14, wherein The inputs include a firstinput coupled to drive a first transmission gate, and a second inputcoupled to drive a second transmission gate, the multiplexer furtherincluding a select input coupled to the clock source to selectivelyenable one of the transmission gates, wherein the output is coupled tothe first and second transmission gates, and the transmission gates areconfigured to correspond substantially to slave transmission gates inthe flip-flop.
 16. A delay matching circuit comprising: a multiplexercoupled to a clock source; transmission gates within the multiplexer tosubstantially mimic characteristics of a slave transmission gate in aflip-flop; inputs coupled to the multiplexer to substantially mimiccharacteristics of a master output driver of the flip-flop: an outputcoupled to the multiplexer to substantially mimic characteristics anoutput driver in the flip flop; and a PMOS transistor having a draincoupled to me a first one of the inputs, a gate coupled to ground, and asource coupled to a supply voltage, wherein the PMOS transistor isconfigured to correspond substantially to a PMOS transistor in a masteroutput driver of the flip-flop; and an NMOS transistor having a draincoupled to the second one of the inputs, a gate coupled to the supplyvoltage, and a source coupled to ground, wherein the NMOS transistor isconfigured to correspond substantially to an NMOS transistor in themaster output driver of the flip-flop.
 17. The circuit of claim 14,further comprising an inverter coupled to the output of the multiplexer,wherein the inverter is configured to correspond substantially to anoutput driver in the flip flop.
 18. The circuit of claim 14, wherein thepropagation delay is a clock-to-Q propagation delay.
 19. The circuit ofclaim 14, further comprising an asynchronous reset feature to permitasynchronous reset of the output independently of the clock signalgenerated by the clock source.
 20. A delay matching circuit comprising:a multiplexer having a first input coupled to drive a first transmissiongate, a second input coupled to drive a second transmission gate, aselect input coupled to a clock source to selectively enable one of thetransmission gates, and an output coupled to the first and secondtransmission gates, wherein the transmission gates are configured tocorrespond substantially to a slave transmission gate in a flip-flop; aPMOS transistor having a drain coupled to the first input, a gatecoupled to ground, and a source coupled to a supply voltage, wherein thePMOS transistor is configured to correspond substantially to a PMOStransistor in a master output driver of the flip-flop; an NMOStransistor having a drain coupled to the second input, a gate coupled tothe supply voltage, and a source coupled to ground, wherein the NMOStransistor is configured to correspond substantially to an NMOStransistor in the master output driver of the flip-flop; and an invertercoupled to the output of the multiplexer, wherein the inverter isconfigured to correspond substantially to an output driver in the flipflop.
 21. A circuit comprising: a signal source to generate a signal; asignal distribution circuit to modify the signal and distribute amodified signal, and including a flip-flop that introduces a lock-to-Qpropagation delay in the modified signal; and a delay matching circuitto distribute the signal, and introduce a second propagation delay tothe signal, the second propagation delay substantially matching theclock-to-Q propagation delay introduced in the modified signal by theflip-flop.
 22. A circuit comprising: a signal source to generate asignal: a signal distribution circuit to modify the signal anddistribute a modified signal and including a flip-flop that introduces afirst propagation delay in the modified signal; and a delay matchingcircuit to distribute the signal, and introduce a second propagationdelay to the signal, the second propagation delay substantially matchingthe first propagation delay introduced in the modified signal by theflip-flop, wherein the delay matching circuit includes: a multiplexerhaving a select line coupled to a signal source; transmission gateswithin the multiplexer to substantially mimic characteristics of a slavetransmission gate in the flip-flop; inputs coupled to the multiplexer tosubstantially mimic characteristics of a master output driver of theflip-flop; and an output coupled to the multiplexer to substantiallymimic characteristics of an output driver in the flip-flop.
 23. Thecircuit of claim 21, wherein the delay matching circuit includes amultiplexer having a fist input coupled to drive a first transmissiongate, a second input coupled to drive a second transmission gate, aselect input coupled to the signal source to selectively enable one ofthe transmission gates, and an output coupled to the first and secondtransmission gates, wherein the transmission gates are configured tocorrespond substantially to a slave transmission gate in the flip-flop.24. The circuit of claim 23, wherein the transmission gates areconfigured to correspond substantially in size to the slave transmissiongate in the flip-flop.
 25. A circuit comprising: a signal source togenerate a signal: a signal distribution circuit to modify the signaland distribute a modified signal, and including a flip-flop thatintroduces a first propagation delay in the modified signal: and a delaymatching circuit to distribute the signal, and introduce a secondpropagation delay to the signal, the second propagation delaysubstantially matching the first propagation delay introduced in themodified signal by the flip-flop, wherein the delay matching circuitincludes a multiplexer having a first input coupled to drive a firsttransmission gate, a second input coupled to drive a second transmissiongate, a select input coupled to the signal source to selectively enableone of the transmission gates, and an output coupled to the first andsecond transmission gates, wherein the transmission gates are configuredto correspond substantially to a slave transmission gate in theflip-flop, wherein the delay matching circuit further includes: a PMOStransistor having a drain coupled to the first input, a gate coupled toground, and a source coupled to a supply voltage, wherein the PMOStransistor is configured to correspond substantially to a PMOStransistor in a master output driver of the flip-flop; and an NMOStransistor having a drain coupled to the second input, a gate coupled tothe supply voltage, and a source coupled to ground, wherein the NMOStransistor is configured to correspond substantially to an NMOStransistor in the master output driver of the flip-flop.
 26. The circuitof claim 25, wherein the PMOS transistor is configured to correspondsubstantially in size to the PMOS transistor in the master output driverof the flip-flop, and the NMOS transistor to configured to correspondsubstantially in size to the NMOS transistor in the master output driverof the flip-flop.
 27. The circuit of claim 23, wherein the delaymatching circuit includes an inverter coupled to the output of themultiplexer, wherein the inverter is configured to correspondsubstantially to an output driver in the flip flop.
 28. A methodcomprising: dividing a clock signal with a flip-flop to produce adivided clock signal, and to introduce a clock-to-Q propagation delay tothe divided clock signal; and introducing a second propagation delay tothe clock signal with a delay matching circuit, the second propagationdelay substantially matching the clock-to-Q propagation delay introducedin the divided clock signal by the flip-flop, wherein the delay matchingcircuit substantially mimics delay characteristics of the flip-flop. 29.The method of claim 28, wherein the delay matching circuit includes: amultiplexer having a select line coupled to a clock source; transmissiongates within the multiplexer to substantially mimic characteristics of aslave transmission gate in the flip-flop; inputs coupled to themultiplexer to substantially mimic characteristics of a master outputdriver of the flip-flop; and an output coupled to the multiplexer tosubstantially mimic characteristics an output driver in the flip flop.30. (Canceled).
 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the delay matchingcircuit includes a multiplexer having a first input coupled to drive afirst transmission gate, a second input coupled to drive a secondtransmission gate, a select input coupled to the clock source toselectively enable one of the transmission gates, and an output coupledto the first and second transmission gates, wherein the transmissiongates are configured to correspond substantially to slave transmissiongates in the flip-flop.
 32. A method comprising: dividing a clock signalwith a flip-flop to produce a divided clock signal and to introduce apropagation delay to the divided clock signal; and introducing a secondpropagation delay to the clock signal with a delay matching circuit, thesecond propagation delay substantially matching the first propagationdelay introduced in the divided clock signal by the flip-flop, whereinthe delay matching circuit substantially mimics delay characteristics ofthe flip-flop. wherein the delay matching circuit includes a multiplexerhaving a first input coupled to drive a first transmission gate, asecond input coupled to drive a second transmission gate, a select inputcoupled to the clock source to selectively enable one of thetransmission gates, and an output coupled to the first and secondtransmission gates, and wherein the transmission gates are configured tocorrespond substantially to slave transmission gates in the flip-flop,wherein the delay matching circuit includes: a PMOS transistor having adrain coupled to the first input, a gate coupled to ground, and a sourcecoupled to a supply voltage, wherein the PMOS transistor is configuredto correspond substantially to a PMOS transistor in a master outputdriver of the flip-flop; and an NMOS transistor having a drain coupledto the second input, a gate coupled to the supply voltage, and a sourcecoupled to ground, wherein the NMOS transistor is configured tocorrespond substantially to an NMOS transistor in the master outputdriver of the flip-flop.
 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the delaymatching circuit includes an inverter coupled to the output of themultiplexer, wherein the inverter is configured to correspondsubstantially to an output driver in the flip flop.